Café-au-lait Macules

Also known as ... Cafe-au-lait Spots, Brown Birthmarks Café-au-lait macules (CALMs) are benign well-circumscribed, flat, uniformly light to dark brown spots with a characteristic ‘coffee-with-milk’ colour. CALMs are very common and are seen in 10–20% of the normal population. In rare cases, they may be a sign of an underlying genetic condition.

Calcific Uraemic Arteriolopathy

Also known as Calciphylaxis.  Calciphylaxis is a rare and serious disorder, usually seen in individuals on treatment for severe kidney disease – typically on dialysis for end stage renal failure (ESRF).

Calciphylaxis

Calciphylaxis is a rare and serious disorder, usually seen in individuals on treatment for severe kidney disease.

Campbell de Morgan spots

Campbell de Morgan spots also known as cherry angiomas, are the most common blood vessel overgrowths of the skin and typically present in the third or fourth decades of life.

Canker sores

Canker sores also known as Aphthous ulcers, are a common problem with a higher prevalence in high socio-economic areas.

Capillaritis

Capillaritis also known as pigmented purpuric dermatosis, is an uncommon condition that affects all races and ages. It usually manifests as small or large patches of cayenne pepper coloured spots and pigmentation.

Capillary malformation

Capillary malformation also known as a port-wine stain, is a pink to red flat patch on the skin which has well-defined edges.  It is a true birthmark present in 3 to 5 per 1000 newborn babies. It is permanent and its area will increase in proportion to general body growth.

Cellulite

Cellulite is a very common condition. It is seen in almost all adult women in various degrees and can therefore be considered a normal variation of the appearance of the skin. There are many myths and misunderstandings about the causes and treatment of cellulite. The condition remains difficult to treat with few studies demonstrating impressive, long-standing results despite the “commercial hype” of advertised products.

Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia (CCCA)

Also known as ... Hot Comb Alopecia, Follicular Degeneration Syndrome, Pseudopelade of the Central Scalp, Pseudopelade in African Americans Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is a chronic and progressive type of scarring alopecia that results in permanent hair loss. CCCA most commonly starts in the centre of the scalp and, without treatment, expands over time causing an area of baldness. It is most commonly seen in middle-aged African women.

Cheek Rejuvenation

From middle age onwards, the cheeks can have significant changes that make a person look much older. In particular, there may be loss of volume of the cheeks. This occurs due to loss of fat, thinning of the collagen and elastin layer, or general diminution of the bony structures of the face. This loss of volume presents as a convex or hollow appearance which creates shadows and portrays an aged and old appearance.

Cheilitis granulomatosa

Cheilitis granulomatosa also known as granulomatous cheilitis, is a rare condition characterised by persistent, diffuse, soft-to-firm swelling of one or both lips.

Chemical peel

A chemical peel is the application of a chemical solution to the skin which is designed to correct a variety of problems including sun damage, mild scarring, removal of fine wrinkles and improvement in irregular pigmentation.

Cherry Angiomas

Also known as ... Campbell de Morgan Spots, Cherry Haemangiomas Cherry Angiomas are the most common blood vessel overgrowths of the skin and typically present in the third or fourth decades of life. Cherry Angiomas tend to increase in both size and number with advancing age. They occur in all races and sexes.

Chilblains

Also known as ... Pernio or Perniosis Chilblains are itchy, red swollen tender areas of skin that develop on the exposed skin of fingers, toes or rims of ears after exposure to cold at temperatures above O° Celsius.

Childhood Bullous Pemphigoid

Childhood bullous pemphigoid is an extremely rare form of the bullous pemphigoid which is an autoimmune blistering disease. It occurs in children under 18 years of age. Given its rarity, the exact incidence of the condition is unknown.

Chloasma

Chloasma also known as Melasma appears as patchy shades of brown pigmentation on sun exposed areas of the face.

Cholestasis of pregnancy

Cholestasis of pregnancy or cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy also known as Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, is a rare liver condition which causes an itchy skin. There is no rash but the skin may show scratch marks (excoriations) or become yellow (jaundiced).

Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Helicis

Also known as ... Alopecia Mucinosa Follicular mucinosis is a rare disorder affecting hair-bearing skin, most commonly on the scalp, head and neck. The name of the condition comes from the accumulation of mucin (jelly-like, semi-liquid material) in the walls of hair follicles.

Chromoblastomycosis

Also known as … Chromomycosis, Cladosporiosis, Verrucous Dermatitis, Fonseca’s Disease, Pedroso’s Disease. Chromoblastomycosis is a long-term or chronic fungal infection of the skin and tissue underneath the superficial layer of the skin (called the subcutaneous tissue). It is more common in rural, tropical and subtropical areas of the world; it tends to present more severely in those with a suppressed or compromised immune system.

Chromomycosis

Also known as … Chromoblastomycosis, Cladosporiosis, Verrucous Dermatitis, Fonseca’s Disease, Pedroso’s Disease. Chromoblastomycosis is a long-term or chronic fungal infection of the skin and tissue underneath the superficial layer of the skin (called the subcutaneous tissue). It is more common in rural, tropical and subtropical areas of the world; it tends to present more severely in those with a suppressed or compromised immune system.

Chronic Actinic Dermatitis (CAD)

Also known as…Photosensitivity Dermatitis and Actinic Reticuloid (PD/AR) Syndrome; persistent light reaction CAD is a rare chronic inflammatory skin condition triggered by abnormal sensitivity to sunlight.

Chronic Bullous Dermatosis of Childhood

Chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood also known as Linear IgA Disease is a rare skin blistering condition. It affects young children (usually before 5 years of age) or adults (usually after 40 years of age). This condition affects the skin and mucosal (inside the mouth and/or genitalia) surfaces of the body.

Chronic palmoplantar pustular psoriasis

Chronic palmoplantar pustular psoriasis also known as palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP), is a chronic pustular condition affecting the palms of the hands and/or soles of the feet. It may occur with psoriasis or without any other skin disease.

Cladosporiosis

Also known as … Chromoblastomycosis, Chromomycosis, Verrucous Dermatitis, Fonseca’s Disease, Pedroso’s Disease. Chromoblastomycosis is a long-term or chronic fungal infection of the skin and tissue underneath the superficial layer of the skin (called the subcutaneous tissue). It is more common in rural, tropical and subtropical areas of the world; it tends to present more severely in those with a suppressed or compromised immune system.

Comedonal Naevus

Also known as … Naevus Comedonicus, Follicular Keratotic Naevus and Pilosebaceous Naevoid Disorder. Naevus comedonicus is a rare type of epidermal nevus. A benign overgrowth derived from a hair follicle unit.

Compensatory Hyperhidrosis

Also known as ... Rebound Sweating, Post Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy (ETS) Sweating, Paradoxical Sweating, Reflex Sweating What is Compensatory Hyperhidrosis? Compensatory Hyperhidrosis is a common, post-surgical complication of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS surgery). The condition occurs mainly on the trunk and can affect large areas of the body.

Congenital Melanocytic Naevi

Congenital Melanocytic Naevi (CMN) are skin lesions consisting of nests of melanocytes (cells that produce pigment). They are present at birth or shortly after birth. They occur in approximately 1 in 100 live births. CMN are classified according to their predicted adult size:

• Small –  reach less than 1.5cm
• Medium – reach between 1.5cm and 19.9cm
• Large (giant) – reach at least 20cm  (40cm)

Contact Allergy

Also known as ... Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) or Contact Dermatitis Dermatitis is a very common itchy red skin rash with a variety of types and causes (some types are also called eczema). It is common for a person with dermatitis to have more than one type, either at the same time, or at different times in their lives. Contact dermatitis arises from a chemical in contact with the skin which may cause either irritant or allergic dermatitis.

Contact Dermatitis

Cosmeceuticals

The term “cosmeceutical” was introduced by dermatologist Dr Albert Kligman in 1984 and is derived from a combination of the words cosmetic and pharmaceutical. What are cosmeceuticals? Cosmeceuticals are products that have both cosmetic and therapeutic (medical or drug-like) effects, and are intended to have a beneficial effect on skin health and beauty. Like cosmetics, they are applied topically as creams or lotions but contain active ingredients that have an effect on skin cell function. In some cases, their action is limited to the skin surface (such as exfoliants), while others can penetrate to deeper levels, either enhancing or limiting normal skin functions. Cosmeceuticals are available “over-the-counter” (without prescription) and are generally used as part of a regular skin care regime to help improve skin tone and texture, pigmentation and fine lines. Most moisturisers restore barrier function and water content to the skin, improving the appearance of aged or dry skin. Cosmeceuticals should ideally deliver the active ingredient in a biologically effective form to the skin and reach the target site in sufficient quantity to have an effect.

Cosmetic injections

Neurotoxins are a group of substances that are used in dermatology to treat hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating). They are also used to reduce wrinkles, most commonly those around the eyes and on the forehead

Cradle Cap

Cradle cap also known as Seborrhoeic dermatitis in infants, is inflammation of the skin that usually occurs on areas of the body such as the head and trunk where there are a greater number of oil glands.

Creeping eruption

Creeping eruption also known as cutaneous larva migrans, is an itchy localised skin infestation caused by the penetration and migration of animal hookworm larvae through the skin.

Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma

Tumours of the lymph nodes and lymphatic system are called “lymphomas”. B-cell lymphomas are caused by an excess of B-cell lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell.

Cutaneous Larva Migrans

Also known as ... Creeping Eruption, Sand-worm Eruption or Plumber’s Itch What is Cutaneous Larva Migrans? Cutaneous larva migrans is an itchy localised skin infestation caused by the penetration and migration of animal hookworm larvae through the skin.

Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus

Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE) is a form of lupus that predominantly affects the skin. The most common forms are Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (SCLE) and Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE). There is a very small chance that these cutaneous forms of lupus may develop into Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) with internal organ involvement.

Cutaneous Small Vessel Vasculitis

Also known as ... Cutaneous Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis, Cutaneous Leukocytoclastic Angiitis, Hypersensitivity Angiitis and Cutaneous Necrotizing Venulitis What is cutaneous small vessel vasculitis? Cutaneous small vessel vasculitis (CSVV) is a condition caused by inflammation of the skin’s blood vessels. It classically presents as areas of red or purple discoloration.  This is due to bleeding under the skin and does not disappear when pressure is applied (purpura).

Cutaneous tuberculosis

Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) is a skin infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, which mainly causes lung infection, but can involve other organ systems.

Cyclosporin

Cyclosporin is a drug used in dermatology to reduce inflammation. It is effective in controlling common conditions such as eczema and psoriasis.

Granulomatous Cheilitis

Also known as ... Cheilitis Granulomatosa, Miescher’s Cheilitis Granulomatous cheilitis is a rare condition characterised by persistent, diffuse, soft-to-firm swelling of one or both lips.

Melasma

Also known as ... Chloasma, Pigmentation of Pregnancy Melasma appears as patchy shades of brown pigmentation on sun exposed areas of the face. Melasma is more commonly seen in females and those with darker skin types and usually gets worse in summer.

Pigmented Purpuric Dermatosis

Also known as ... Capillaritis Pigmented Purpuric Dermatosis is an uncommon condition that affects all races and ages. It usually manifests as small or large patches of cayenne pepper coloured spots and pigmentation. The skin rash is usually found on the lower limbs but may also involve the trunk.

Port-wine Stain

Also known as ... Capillary Malformation in Modern Terminology, as well as Nevus Flammeus A port-wine stain is a pink to red flat patch on the skin which has well-defined edges.  It is a true birthmark present in 3 to 5 per 1000 new born babies. It is permanent and its area will increase in proportion to general body growth.

Primary Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma

Also known as ... Cutaneous B-cell Lymphoma What is primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL)? Tumours of the lymph nodes and lymphatic system are called “lymphomas”. B-cell lymphomas are caused by an excess of B-cell lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCL) are a group of B-cell lymphomas that are localised to the skin, without evidence of disease beyond the skin at the time of diagnosis. PCBCL most commonly affects people over the age of 55 years.